The economy of the County is diversified, with significant activity in the areas of industry, commerce and government.

There are several banks and trust companies, some of which provide complete branch banking services throughout the County. Industrial establishments are engaged in such diverse operations as paper making, printing and the manufacturing of clothing, automobile accessories, chemical products, pharmaceuticals and machine tools. The County also includes many retail stores, wholesale establishments, shopping centers and several regional shopping malls.

Government is an especially important factor in the County, with the City of Albany being the New York State capital. Federal, State and local governments provide employment for thousands of people, with State government being the largest employer in the County.